VOLUME 29, NO1, FEB 2007

Sorption of Isosteric Heat of Metal Ions by FePO4

Adsorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ ions from the aqueous electrolyte solution onto the FePO4 was measured in bulk adsorption experiments at 298,313 and 323 K. The adsorption of metal ion from the loaded surface of FePO4 was found to be dependent upon the pH of the solution. The isosteric heat (Al-I) of metal ions sorption was also evaluated between 298 323 K. which showed that the adsorption reaction is endothermic and the surface of FePO4 is energetically heterogeneous.read more

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A NAEEM ,M ILYAS ,B DILHARA ,M SAFDAR ,H Y SAMAD ,S MUSTAFA ,

Thermal Studies of Synthetic NaX Zeolite and Its Zinc Exchanged Forms

NaX-Zeolite was converted to Zn forms by replacing sodium ions by zinc ions, amounting to a replacement from 1660 % to 6290 %. Chemical, TGA and DTA analysis of the zeolite samples was conducted and data on the composition of the unit cell (u.c.), zeolitic water and thermal stability of the lattices were obtained. The percentage of exchange of Zn2 cations at 60 °C for a particular period decreased with increasing the concentration of Zn2t cations in the exchange solution. The zeolitic water contents of NaX and ZnNaX zeolites were investigated by TGA up to 1000 °C. The TGA data indicated that all the samples of zeolites after dehydration underwent a small change in weight, occurring higher temperature due to dehydroxylation. The water content per u.c. was found tobe larger in ZnNaX than in NaX. The TO curves of lumpy nature indicated the formation of a series of intermediate structures during dehydration. The minimum endothermic peak of dehydration shifted toward high temperature for ZnNaX zeolites suggested H20 molecules to be more strongly bonded lo Zn2 cations than Na cations. The slight shift of exothermic peaks of DTA towards high temperature indicated that ZnNaX zeolites are thermally more stable than NaX zeolite. The DTA curves indicated that dehydrated NaX retained its crystal stability from 370 to 580 °C and NaX and ZnNaX zeolites from 370-440 °C to 800 a 840 °C. NaX amorphized at - 960 °C and ZnNaX zeolites amorphized at 920a990 °C depending on the % of exchange of Na ions. The results are discussed with respect to hydrated cations, possible sites they occupy in the zeolite framework, the effect of extra framework cations and Si / Al ration thermal stability.read more

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T H SHAH ,S AKBER ,R SHAHNAZ ,G SARWAR ,

Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Eucalyptus

A natural dye was extracted from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and was used to dye cotton, by application of the direct dyeing method at different dyeing conditions. Then, the fastness properties of dyeings which different dyeing, techniques were compared. The dye was found to have good saturation and moderate fastness properties on cotton.read more

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S ALI ,T HUSSAIN ,N NISAR ,

Catatysed Saponification of Oils! Fats Using o-Cresol, m-Cresol, 1- Naphthanol, 2,5-Dimethylphenoi and 2 Nitrophenol

An easy and swift method for soap manufacture through the saponification reaction of oils and fats, in the presence of different organic compounds (o-cresol, I enaphthol, 2,5 dimethyiphenol), which act as catalyst, has been studied under ambient conditions of temperature. o-Cresol, m-cresol, Ienaphthol and 2,5-dimethyiphenol showed 50-70 % reduction of reaction time for saponification, while 2-nitrophenol did not show any catalytic activity.read more

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J I KHAN ,C M ASHRAF ,B KHALID ,L LIAQUAT ,

Physico-chemical Properties of Soils of Kohat and Bannu Districts NWFP Pakistan

Physico-.chemical properties of soils in Kohat and Bannu districts of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, were determined for better management. Soil samples were collected from two depths i.e. 0-15 and 15-45 cm, respectively from 86 locations in Kohat and 73 in Bannu during 2004. Soil samples were analyzed, for various soil properties. Results showed that soils of Kohat district varied from clay to sandy loam at both depths with saturation percentage from 25.15 to 71.76 and 16.60 to 8264 % in upper and subsurface, respectively. Bulk density of the surface soil ranged from 1.10 to I .75 g cm3. Soil pH was found to be alkaline in both the depths. Electrical conductivity of these soils showed 14 % area as saline. Soils were found to be slightly strongly calcareous in both the depths. Organic matter content of the surface soil showed that 25 % samples were medium, whereas 75 % were low. In Bannu district, soil texture in both the depths ranged from clay to loamy sand. Saturation water percentage of the surface soils and subsoil ranged from 23.98 to 76.81 and 24.37 to 76.81 %, respectively. Bulk density of the surface soil ranged from 1.01 to 1.62 with an average of 1.31 g cm3. Soil pH showed alkaline reaction in both the depths. According to ECe and SAR, 21 % of soils were classified as saline and 4.1 % sodic in nature. Soils of both the depths were moderately to strongly calcareous. Twenty-six percent of the surface soils were low arid 74 % medium in organic matter.read more

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A U BHATTI ,WASI ULLAH ,

Comparison of AB-DTPA Method with the Standard Methods for Extractable P and K from Prominent Soils of Potohar Region, Pakistan

Physico-.chemical properties of soils in Kohat and Bannu districts of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, were determined for better management. Soil samples were collected from two depths i.e. 0-15 and 15-45 cm, respectively from 86 locations in Kohat and 73 in Bannu during 2004. Soil samples were analyzed, for various soil properties. Results showed that soils of Kohat district varied from clay to sandy loam at both depths with saturation percentage from 25.15 to 71.76 and 16.60 to 8264 % in upper and subsurface, respectively. Bulk density of the surface soil ranged from 1.10 to I .75 g cm3. Soil pH was found to be alkaline in both the depths. Electrical conductivity of these soils showed 14 % area as saline. Soils were found to be slightly strongly calcareous in both the depths. Organic matter content of the surface soil showed that 25 % samples were medium, whereas 75 % were low. In Bannu district, soil texture in both the depths ranged from clay to loamy sand. Saturation water percentage of the surface soils and subsoil ranged from 23.98 to 76.81 and 24.37 to 76.81 %, respectively. Bulk density of the surface soil ranged from 1.01 to 1.62 with an average of 1.31 g cm3. Soil pH showed alkaline reaction in both the depths. According to ECe and SAR, 21 % of soils were classified as saline and 4.1 % sodic in nature. Soils of both the depths were moderately to strongly calcareous. Twenty-six percent of the surface soils were low arid 74 % medium in organic matter.read more

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M Z KHAN ,S AHMAD ,M E AKHTAR ,M YOUSUF ,

Spectrophotometric Determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) in Bulk and Tablets by Charge-Transfer Complexation with Chloranil

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin 86) in pure and tablet formulations. The method depends on the charge—transfer complexation between pyridoxine as n-electron donor in basic medium with chioranil as acceptor in acetonitrile medium to give a colored complex that absorbs maximally at 550 rim. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.5-38 pg ml’ with molar adsorptivity of 1.9 x i03 L moles’ cmhJ. The proposed method is precise, accurate and specific for the quantitative determination of the drug in bulk and tablet formulations.read more

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A RAZA ,A REHMAN ,S B NIAZI ,T M ANSARI ,

A New Spectrophotometric Determination of Chiorpyriphos in Environmental and Biological Samples

A new and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of widely used organophosphorous insecticide chiorpyriphos. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of chiorpyriphos to l,2,4atrichlropyridine, followed by coupling with diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid in alkaline medium. The absorption maxima of the wine red dye compound formed was measured at 520nm. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 1.2 to 18 pg in a final solution volume of 25 ml (0.048-0.72 ppm). The mol & absorptiv ity, Sandel l’s sensitivity and correlation coefficient were found to be 1. 8x I o4 (+ 100) mole” cm”, 0.011 ,ug cth’2 and 09989, respectively. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation were found to be * 0.005 and 2.02 %, respectively. The method was simple sensitive and free, from interferences of other pesticides and diverse ions. Other organophosphorous pesticides did not interfere with the proposed method. The method was satisfactorily aplied to the determination of chiorpyriphos in environmental and biological samples.read more

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V K GUPTA ,E K JANGHEL ,J K RAI ,S KHAN ,M K RAI ,

A Tetranuclear Copper(I)-Diisopropyldithiophosphate Cluster Compound Cu4[3-S2P(O-i-Pr)2]4 Obtained from Copper(II) as a Starting Material

A sulfur coordinated tetranuclear copper(I)-diisopropyldithiophosphate cluster compound Cu4[m3-S2P(O-i-Pr)2]4 was synthesized by the reaction of Na[S2P(O-i-Pr)2J with CuC12 and its structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The cluster compound crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group 14(1)/a. The four symmetry-equivalent Cu(I) atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry and two Seatoms of each dithiophosphate ligand are coordinated monodentate and bidentate respectively to triangular Cu, units.  read more

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Y WEN ,H ZHONG ,F LI ,

A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-2-methyl-(2H)1,2 benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide

Herein the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-3nitro-2-methyI-(2H)-I ,2-benzothiazine-1,1-dioxide is described in a novel one pot reaction. The synthesis involved two transformations starting from 2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazin-4-(3H)-one 1,1-dioxide, with an overall yielded better than that from the stepwise process starting from saccharin. One-pot synthesis of important intermediate, nitromethyl saccharin is also described.read more

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W A SIDDIQUI ,V U AHMAD ,S AHMAD ,H L SIDDIQUI ,I U KHAN ,